PSYCHOLOGICAL RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINING EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION IN ENTERPRISES UNDER MARTIAL LAW

Abstract

Introduction. The transformation of the professional environment under martial law and prolonged macroeconomic instability has caused significant changes in employee motivation. Working under security risks, uncertainty, and long-term psycho-emotional pressure shifts motivational priorities from career advancement and professional self-realization toward safety, stability, and psychological protection. In such circumstances, traditional material and administrative incentives lose effectiveness, underscoring the need to identify psychological resources to sustain motivation.

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the psychological resources for sustaining employee motivation in enterprises under martial law and to determine their role in ensuring professional engagement and organizational resilience in the face of crisis challenges.

Materials and methods. The study is based on scientific works in organizational psychology, work psychology, human resource management, and employee motivation; analytical materials and sociological studies on the psychological state of the population, labor market transformation, and work under martial law; and modern concepts of hardiness, resilience, self-efficacy, and psychological capital. The research used theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis, comparative and systemic analysis, theoretical modeling, and logical generalization. These methods enabled the systematization of approaches to employee motivation, the examination of wartime stress factors, the identification of links between individual, interpersonal, and organizational resources, and the development of an integrated model of motivation support.

Results. The article examines the influence of wartime stress factors, including chronic fatigue, emotional tension, security risks, and staff shortages, on the transformation of work motivation mechanisms in enterprises. The main tendencies in employees’ motivational priorities under martial law are identified, in particular, the growing significance of safety, psychological stability, and social support. It is substantiated that hardiness, resilience, self-efficacy, and psychological capital are key individual resources that help preserve professional activity, readiness for action, and adaptability in the face of uncertainty.

Particular attention is paid to interpersonal and organizational factors that support motivation in crisis conditions, including supportive leadership, psychological safety, a favorable socio-psychological climate, and psychological well-being programs. Employees’ motivational potential during wartime depends not only on individual coping capacity but also on the quality of the organizational environment and social support within the enterprise.

The article proposes an integrated three-level model of psychological resources for sustaining employee motivation. The model combines individual, interpersonal, and organizational levels of influence and may serve as a theoretical basis for practical programs aimed at strengthening personnel resilience, maintaining engagement, and improving human resource management.

Further research in this area. Further research should focus on empirically verifying the developed model using representative samples of employees from enterprises across different sectors of the Ukrainian economy. A promising direction is the assessment of the relationship between employees’ psychological capital and indicators of professional effectiveness under post-war recovery. The practical value of the study lies in identifying priorities that can help enterprises maintain engagement, reduce prolonged stress, and strengthen organizational resilience during wartime and reconstruction.