INTERNATIONAL DETERMINANTS OF THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE TRANSPORT MARKET DEVELOPMENT: GLOBAL TRENDS AND NATIONAL SPECIFICS

Abstract

Introduction. At the current stage of global economic development, the transport sector is undergoing profound transformations driven by the need to enhance environmental sustainability, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and implement advanced technologies. In this context, the development of electric vehicle (EV) transport is becoming a key component of the transition to sustainable mobility models worldwide and in Ukraine. The rapid growth of the global EV market is supported by technological progress in battery systems, digitalization, and the expansion of charging infrastructure. However, in Ukraine, the development of electric mobility remains constrained by a number of structural barriers, including insufficient infrastructure, high costs, and institutional challenges, which determine the relevance of this study.

Purpose. The study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the development of the electric vehicle market in Ukraine and globally, identify the key factors influencing its transformation, and substantiate strategic directions for accelerating the adoption of electric mobility.

Materials and methods. The research is based on: 1) regulatory and policy documents related to transport electrification and environmental sustainability; 2) scientific publications by domestic and foreign scholars on electric mobility, innovation, and sustainable development; 3) statistical data from international organizations and analytical reports on the global and national EV markets. The study applies methods of theoretical generalization and systematization (to identify key trends and factors), analysis and synthesis (to assess the current state and challenges of EV market development), and logical generalization (to formulate conclusions and strategic recommendations).

Results. The paper examines the theoretical and practical aspects of the development of the global and Ukrainian electric vehicle markets. The key drivers of EV adoption are identified, including environmental regulations, technological innovation, and government support policies. The main challenges hindering the development of electric mobility in Ukraine are systematized, such as underdeveloped charging infrastructure, limited state support, high initial costs of EVs, dependence on imports, and the impact of wartime conditions on economic stability and investment activity.

The influence of macro- and microeconomic factors on the development of the EV market is substantiated. A structural model of electric mobility development is proposed, incorporating strategic directions such as infrastructure expansion, technological innovation, policy support, integration with energy systems, and international cooperation. The expected synergistic effects include environmental improvements, energy efficiency, economic growth, and enhanced integration into the European transport and energy space.

Discussion. Future research should focus on developing quantitative assessment methods for the EV market, evaluating the effectiveness of policy instruments for stimulating electric mobility, analyzing consumer behavior, and exploring the integration of electric transport with renewable energy systems and smart grids. This will contribute to accelerating the transition to sustainable transport, strengthening Ukraine’s energy independence, and enhancing its competitiveness in the global economy.