ORGANIZATION OF ACCOUNTING: STATISTICAL, ANALYTICAL, TAX, AND MANAGERIAL PREREQUISITES FOR THEIR IMPROVEMENT AND SUBSTANTIATED USE

Abstract

Introduction. In the modern economic environment, no enterprise can function effectively without a properly organized accounting system. The quality of accounting determines the accuracy of financial information, the timeliness of managerial decision-making, and the level of trust from partners, investors, and the state.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to conduct a comprehensive review of the organization, subject, and method of accounting as the basis for statistical, analytical, tax, and managerial activities at the enterprise.

Materials and Methods. The information base of the study consisted of regulatory and legal acts governing the organization of statistical, financial, and tax accounting at enterprises, as well as scientific works of domestic and foreign scholars devoted to the application of accounting methods and techniques.

In the course of the research, a set of general scientific and special research methods was applied. In particular, methods of theoretical generalization and grouping were used to determine the structure of the accounting process and the functions of accounting. Methods of formalization, analysis, and synthesis were applied to develop a model for the formation of accounting information within the financial and economic system of the enterprise. Logical generalization of the research results made it possible to formulate conclusions.

Results. The article substantiates accounting methods as a system of techniques for reflecting economic activity, including documentation, inventory, valuation and costing (monetary measurement), recording (double-entry bookkeeping), classification (accounts), and data summarization (reporting). It also distinguishes between the accrual method (accounting for events rather than only cash flows) and the cash method (accounting based on actual cash movements), as well as cost accounting methods (job-order and process costing).

Attention is focused on the fact that accounting methods (documentation, inventory, valuation, costing, accounting accounts, double-entry bookkeeping, balance sheet, and reporting) ensure continuous, comprehensive, and documentary reflection of business processes. They form the primary information base for analyzing the financial condition and for applying statistical methods (grouping, averages, indices) to study mass economic phenomena.

Within the framework of the study directions for improving accounting methods are proposed, primarily aimed at automation, the implementation of international standards (IFRS), optimization of accounting policies, development of management accounting, and enhancement of the quality of internal control.

Discussion. Further scientific research is proposed to focus on substantiating the implementation of a properly organized accounting system at enterprises, taking into account the specifics of their activities, since the choice of an appropriate form of accounting, as well as the maintenance of documentation and reporting, affects the financial stability and information transparency of the enterprise