CLASSIFICATION OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH SYSTEM IN UKRAINE

Abstract

Introduction. Health system plays a significant role in the formation of human capital, the maintenance of social stability, and the achievement of long-term economic development of the state. For Ukraine, the issue of functioning and modernization of the health system has become especially important in view of structural reforms, digital transformation, demographic changes, the impact of war, and the necessity of post-war recovery. Contemporary studies examine individual aspects of the field’s development; however, systematic approaches to generalizing the factors influencing development remain insufficiently elaborated, which complicates comprehensive strategic planning and the evaluation of reform outcomes.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to identify the key factors influencing the development of the healthcare system, to structure them, and to develop a generalized classification that takes into account the structural economic level and the conditions under which the system operates in different time periods.

Materials and methods. The study applies methods of analysis and generalization of scientific publications, regulatory documents, and analytical materials of international organizations. An approach based on the logical grouping of factors and their subsequent systematization according to levels of influence and temporal conditions was utilized. Comparative and systemic analysis was used to interpret the results and to determine the mechanisms through which individual factors affect functioning of the field.

Results. The study substantiates a classification of factors influencing the development of the health system, dividing them according to macro-, meso-, and microeconomic levels, as well as according to the time period of their manifestation—peacetime, wartime, and the stage of post-war recovery. It is demonstrated that at the national level, institutional and financial mechanisms, international cooperation, demographic processes, and public policy in healthcare are of decisive importance. At the sectoral level, key roles belong to reforms, digitalization, the organization of medical care, and regional disparities in access to services. At the level of individual health institutions, managerial practices, human resource policies, financial planning, and the use of information technologies are critical. It is established that martial law conditions alter the nature of many factors, increasing the importance of adaptability, crisis management, and logistical resilience, whereas the post-war period is characterized by the growing role of investments, infrastructure modernization, and the integration of modern managerial and technological solutions.

Prospects. Further research should focus on the quantitative assessment of the strength of influence of individual factors, the development of indicators for their monitoring, and the creation of models for forecasting the development of the health system under different scenarios of socio-economic dynamics. It is also promising to deepen the analysis of interrelations between factors at different levels and to develop methodological recommendations for applying the proposed classification in strategic planning and public policy development in the healthcare sector.